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In-Training Exam

Pediatric Board Prep Questions

Questions

Just like the actual exam

Aligned with the American Board of Pediatrics format. Authored & peer-reviewed by faculty, clinicians, and program directors.

Each question is written to resemble the format and topics on the exam, meaning you won’t see any negatively phrased questions, no “all of the following except,” no “A and B”…you know what we mean. Most importantly, all questions include selective distractors (incorrect answer choices), which will help you think critically.

  • Must address important content
  • Must be well structured

Question

A 6-year-old girl, who had been camping in Vermont the week prior, is admitted from the ED after 5 days of fever, headache, and myalgias. On the day of admission, she developed a widespread maculopapular rash on her torso and extremities, including the palms and soles. Physical exam reveals an ill-appearing girl with intermittent confusion and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory findings include leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, and elevated transaminases. Which one of the following tests is most likely to lead to the diagnosis at this time?
A ELISA for Lyme disease
B Heterophile antibody test
C IgG antibody titer for Rocky Mountain spotted fever
D PCR amplification of Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Correct Answer Distractors

This patient has symptoms consistent with human monocytic ehrlichiosis, a tick-borne infection spread by Amblyomma americanum, or lone star ticks. The most commonly responsible organism, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, is a gram-negative, small, obligate intracellular bacterium. States with the highest incidence of human monocytic ehrlichiosis in recent years include New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island, Delaware, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Oklahoma. Most cases are seen predominantly in May through September, largely because there are higher numbers of lone star ticks during this time. Symptoms…   Read More

ELISA for Lyme disease (A), with a reflex western blot test, if positive, is useful to confirm the diagnosis in a patient whose clinical features are suggestive of Lyme disease. Also a tick-borne infection, Lyme disease often presents with erythema migrans rash or joint swelling in children. The heterophile antibody test (B) is useful for diagnosing infectious mononucleosis, particularly in the second week of illness. Infectious mononucleosis is most commonly caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. This patient's symptoms are similar to those seen with Rocky Mountain spotted fever. However, its incidence in Vermont is low when compared to that of human monocytic ehrlichiosis. Additionally, an IgG antibody titer for Rocky Mountain spotted fever (C) is unlikely to be helpful in the acute phase of the illness. Similar to antibody titers for ehrlichiosis, a comparison between acute and convalescent titers is necessary for diagnosis.

Explanations

Written with a purpose

Understanding why an answer choice is incorrect is just as important as knowing why one is correct. That’s why every Rosh Review question includes detailed explanations for the correct and incorrect answer choices. These comprehensive summaries link the most important components of a topic—from risk factors to diagnostics and treatment—giving you the context to build relationships between them.

  • Created for optimal learning and recall
  • Help reinforce your knowledge
  • Focus on the essential information

Illustrations

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Custom illustrations and tables help further clarify the core concepts. When information is presented visually, you can focus on meaning, easily reorganize and group similar ideas, and make better use of your memory.

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One Step Further

Taking your learning to the next level

After each explanation is a straightforward question with a simple, memorizable answer that reinforces the corresponding topic.

  • Strengthens your knowledge
  • Stands alone from the main explanation so you’re not rereading content

Question

True or false: transmission of ehrlichiosis from a tick requires 1–2 days of tick attachment to a human.

Reveal Answer

Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis

  • Vector: ticks, avoid tick bites and remove ticks from body
  • Febrile illness, headache, myalgia, rash, chills
  • Labs show leukopenia or thrombocytopenia
  • Test whole blood PCR, do not delay treatment
  • Treatment: doxycycline

Rapid Review

Keeping things simple

These bulleted reviews focus on condensed, high-yield concepts about the main topic, from patient presentation to preferred management.

  • Cover the fundamentals in one list
  • Allow you to quickly scan the must-know information

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